Sources
Di books and papers wey dey behind di mathematics and di history.
ProbabilitymathsProbabilityDi chance of one outcome, from 0 to 1 or from 0% to 100%. One number: 1/37 = 2.70%.Read di whole tin → and gambling mathematics dey follow Ethier and Epstein; di chi-square testlabChi-square testStatistical test wey dey compare di hits wey you see for each pocket with di n/37 wey you expect. Dem dey use am to judge whether wheel get bias.Read di whole tin → dey follow Pearson; history dey follow accounts of dat time and standard references. Figures on how live studios dey work come from documents wey operators and regulators publish.
Mathematics and statistics
- Ethier, S. N. (2010). The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer.
- Epstein, R. A. (2013). The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed. Academic Press.
- Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable… Philosophical Magazine 50(302).
- Thorp, E. O. (1969). Optimal gambling systems for favorable games. Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3).
- Bollman, M. (2021). Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press.
Di physics and advantage play
- Bass, T. A. (1985). The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. (2012). Predicting the outcome of roulette. Chaos 22(3).
History
- Lablée, J. (1801). La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Barnhart, R. T. (1992). Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart.
- Wykes, A. (1964). The Complete Illustrated Guide to Gambling. Doubleday.
How live roulette dey work
Public technical standards from di UK Gambling Commission and di Malta Gaming Authority on live-dealer games and random number generation; specifications from manufacturers for professional wheels.